LEARNING DISABILITY (LD)

LEARNING DISABILITY (LD)

·        Learning disabled children are those children who suffer from serious learning disabilities.

·        These children exhibit exceptionally inferior qualities and capacities in terms of learning and understanding in comparison to normal children of their age or class.

·        The group of disorders that affect the ability to acquire and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning or mathematical abilities.

·        Kirk (1968):- “A learning disability refers to a specific retardation or disorder in one or more of the process of speech, language, perception, behaviour, reading, spelling, writing or arithmetic”.

Characteristics of LD

Ø  Late in submitting class work

Ø  Seems dull and slow in responding to others

Ø  Cannot correctly recall oral instructions when asked to repeat them

Ø  Confuses between left and right

Ø  While reading misses out line or read them twice

Ø  Make wide guesses at words, whether they may make sense or not

Ø  Reads word backward

Ø  Mirror writers

Ø  Emotional problems

Ø  Disorders in neuro-muscular coordination, motor functioning, memory, thinking, attention etc.

Causes of LD

Genetic factors (20-25%)

Physiological factors

·        Dysfunction in central nervous system,

·        Lack of oxygen at the time of birth,

·        Use of certain drugs by mother at the time of pregnancy,

·        Vitamin deficiency during growing period etc.)

Environmental factors

·        Pre-mature delivery

·        Malnutrition during early age

·        Accidents, injury

·        Family setup

·        Lack of motivation

How to Identify?

·        Observation

·        Rating scale

·        Checklist

·        Interviews

·        Written and performance tests

Education of LD

v Remediation planning

ü  Individualize the problem

ü  Teach the level of involvement

ü  Teach according to readiness

ü  Consider tolerance levels

ü  Emphasize both verbal and non-verbal learning

v Self- contained classroom

v Special training, remedies

v Inclusive sitting

v Specialized techniques

ü  Individualized instruction

ü  Multi-sensory approach

ü  Technological approach

Types of Learning Disability

v Dyslexia

v Dysgraphia

v Dyscalculia 

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About Yaseer PK

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